Journal of Applied Psychology (2024)

Prior to submission, please carefully read and follow the submission guidelines detailed below. Manuscripts that do not conform to the submission guidelines may be returned without review.

Submission

The completion of a submission checklist that signifies that authors have read this material and agree to adhere to the guidelines is required as part of the submission upload process (authors can find this checklist in the "Additional Information" section). If you need to include a data transparency appendix, please append this as the last page of your manuscript file. Revisions should also include the data transparency appendix and include any necessary updates based on the revisions.

To submit to the editorial office of Lillian T. Eby, please submit manuscripts electronically through the Manuscript Submission Portal in Microsoft Word (.docx) or LaTex (.tex) as a zip file with an accompanied Portable Document Format (.pdf) of the manuscript file.

Prepare manuscripts according to the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association using the 7^th edition. Manuscripts may be copyedited for bias-free language (see Chapter 5 of the Publication Manualand APA’s Brief Guide to Bias-Free and Inclusive Language). APA Style and Grammar Guidelines for the 7^th edition are available.

Submit Manuscript

Lillian T. Eby, editor
Department of Psychology
University of Georgia
Athens, GA 30602

General correspondence may be directed to the editor's office.

In addition to addresses and phone numbers, please supply email addresses and fax numbers, if available, for potential use by the editorial office and later by the production office.

Keep a copy of the manuscript to guard against loss.

Manuscripts submitted for publication consideration in the Journal of Applied Psychology are evaluated according to the following criteria:

• degree to which the manuscript fits the mission of the journal as described on the journal website
• significance of the theoretical, practical and/or methodological contributions
• quality of the literature review
• articulation and explication of the conceptual rationale, constructs, and psychological processes
• rigor of the design and execution of the study
• appropriateness of the analysis and interpretation of the results
• discussion of implications for theory, research, and application
• clarity of presentation

Manuscripts should be logically organized and clearly written in concise and unambiguous language. The goal of APA primary journals is to publish useful information that is accurate and clear.

Three primary types of articles will be published:

• Feature Articles, which are full-length articles that focus on a conceptually or theoretically driven empirical contribution (all research strategies and methods, quantitative and qualitative, are considered) or on a theoretical contribution that can shape future research in applied psychology.
• Research Reports, which are narrower in scope and are limited to no more than 19 manuscript pages (excluding title page, abstract, references, tables, and figures). In determining the length limits of Research Reports, authors should count 25 lines of 12-point text with 1-inch margins as the equivalent of one page.
• Integrative Conceptual Reviews, which are full-length articles that are designed to synthesize relevant literature, extend theoretical development, and propose new directions for future research. Submissions start with a 10-page prospectus that describes the contribution, structure and coverage of the proposed paper and is evaluated by the editorial team. Additional information can be found at the Call for Integrative Conceptual Reviews.

The review process is the same for Feature Articles and Research Reports. The two types of manuscripts differ only in length, commensurate to different scope of intended contribution. Authors should indicate in the cover letter that they would like the submission considered as a Research Report. However, the action editor (with input from the review team) may suggest that a Feature Article submission be pared down to Research Report length through the review process.

Authors should refer to recent issues of the journal for approximate length of Feature Articles, Integrative Conceptual Reviews, and Research Reports. (Total manuscript pages divided by three provides an estimate of total printed pages.)

The journal also has a history of publishing Monographs on occasion. Monographs are substantial and significant contributions (as determined by the editorial team).

In addition, the journal occasionally publishes Commentaries (see Kozlowski, S.W.J. (2011). Comment policy. Journal of Applied Psychology, 96 (2), 231–232). (PDF, 36KB)

The Journal of Applied Psychology also publishes replications that add important value and insight to the literature. Submissions should include “A Replication of XX Study” in the subtitle of the manuscript as well as in the abstract.

Journal of Applied Psychology is now using a software system to screen submitted content for similarity with other published content. The system compares the initial version of each submitted manuscript against a database of 40+ million scholarly documents, as well as content appearing on the open web. This allows APA to check submissions for potential overlap with material previously published in scholarly journals (e.g., lifted or republished material).

Author contribution statements using CRediT

The APA Publication Manual (7th ed.) stipulates that “authorship encompasses…not only persons who do the writing but also those who have made substantial scientific contributions to a study.” In the spirit of transparency and openness, Behavioral Neuroscience has adopted the Contributor Roles Taxonomy (CRediT) to describe each author's individual contributions to the work. CRediT offers authors the opportunity to share an accurate and detailed description of their diverse contributions to a manuscript.

Submitting authors will be asked to identify the contributions of all authors at initial submission according to this taxonomy. If the manuscript is accepted for publication, the CRediT designations will be published as an Author Contributions Statement in the author note of the final article. All authors should have reviewed and agreed to their individual contribution(s) before submission.

CRediT includes 14 contributor roles, as described below:

• Conceptualization: Ideas; formulation or evolution of overarching research goals and aims.
• Data curation: Management activities to annotate (produce metadata), scrub data and maintain research data (including software code, where it is necessary for interpreting the data itself) for initial use and later reuse.
• Formal analysis: Application of statistical, mathematical, computational, or other formal techniques to analyze or synthesize study data.
• Funding acquisition: Acquisition of the financial support for the project leading to this publication.
• Investigation: Conducting a research and investigation process, specifically performing the experiments, or data/evidence collection.
• Methodology: Development or design of methodology; creation of models.
• Project administration: Management and coordination responsibility for the research activity planning and execution.
• Resources: Provision of study materials, reagents, materials, patients, laboratory samples, animals, instrumentation, computing resources, or other analysis tools.
• Software: Programming, software development; designing computer programs; implementation of the computer code and supporting algorithms; testing of existing code components.
• Supervision: Oversight and leadership responsibility for the research activity planning and execution, including mentorship external to the core team.
• Validation: Verification, whether as a part of the activity or separate, of the overall replication/reproducibility of results/experiments and other research outputs.
• Visualization: Preparation, creation and/or presentation of the published work, specifically visualization/data presentation.
• Writing—original draft: Preparation, creation and/or presentation of the published work, specifically writing the initial draft (including substantive translation).
• Writing—review and editing: Preparation, creation and/or presentation of the published work by those from the original research group, specifically critical review, commentary or revision—including pre- or post-publication stages.

Authors can claim credit for more than one contributor role, and the same role can be attributed to more than one author. Not all roles will be applicable to a particular scholarly work.

Masked review policy

The journal will accept submissions in masked review format only.

Author names and affiliations should appear in the cover letter but not anywhere on the manuscript. Authors should make every reasonable effort to see that the manuscript itself contains no clues to their identities, including grant numbers, names of institutions providing IRB approval, self-citations, and links to online repositories for data, materials, code, or preregistrations (e.g., create a view-only link for a project). Manuscripts not in masked format will be returned to authors for revision prior to being reviewed.

Please ensure that the final version for production includes a byline and full author note for typesetting.

Original use of data

APA requires that all data in their published articles be an original use. Along with determining the appropriateness of any submission, the editorial team (editor and reviewers) also have a role in determining what constitutes "original use." Key to this determination is the extent to which reported data and results serve to promote cumulative knowledge and insight to the literature.

In order to preserve masked review, authors should include a data transparency appendix in the manuscript which details how and where the data collected were (or potentially will soon be) used. Any previous, concurrent, or near future use of data (and/or sample) reported in a submitted manuscript must be brought to the editorial team's attention (i.e., any paper(s) previously published, in press, or currently under review at any journals, as well as any paper(s) that foreseeably will be under review before an editorial decision is made on the current submitted manuscript). This includes variables that overlap as well as those that may not overlap with those in the submitted article. Authors may also put in any other clarifying information they wish, as long as it can be done anonymously. Any identifying information, such as authors' names or titles of journal articles that the authors wish to share can be included in the cover letter where only the editorial staff will see it.

When providing information in the paper itself and/or in the appendix, authors should ensure there is enough detail for reviewers to assess whether data presented constitute original use and unique knowledge and insights.

For more information on APA's data policies, please see "Duplicate and Piecemeal Publication of Data," APA Publication Manual (Section 1.16, 7th Edition, p. 17–20).

Accessdata transparency appendix examples.

Transparency and openness

APA endorses the Transparency and Openness Promotion (TOP) Guidelines by a community working group in conjunction with the Center for Open Science (Nosek et al. 2015). All articles submitted to the Journal of Applied Psychology must, at a minimum, adhere to the TOP levels as noted in the list below, which details the domains of research planning and reporting, the TOP level required, and a brief description of the journal’s policy. Submissions that do not include (1) qualitative, quantitative, or simulated data, (2) a systematic narrative or meta-analytic review of the literature, or (3) re-analysis of existing data must also include a statement that TOP guidelines related to data sharing, code sharing, hypotheses preregistration, analysis preregistration, and materials sharing are not applicable and why. All articles must comply with the TOP guideline of citing any materials not original to the submitted work.

• Citation: Level 2, Requirement—All data, program code, and other methods not original to the submitted work (developed by others) must be cited in the text and listed in the References section.
• Data Transparency: Level 1, Disclosure—Article states whether or not the raw and/or processed data on which study conclusions are based are posted to a trusted repository and, if so, how to access the data.
• Analytic Methods (Code) Transparency: Level 1, Disclosure—Article states whether or not the computer code or syntax needed to reproduce analyses in an article is posted to a trusted repository and if so, how to access it.
• Research Materials Transparency: Level 1, Disclosure—Article states whether materials described in the Method section are posted to a trusted repository and, if so, how to access them. It is strongly encouraged to include online supplements for study materials.
• Design and Analysis Transparency (Reporting Standards): Level 2, Requirement—Article must follow the Journal of Applied Psychology methods checklist and all relevant aspects of the APA Style Journal Reporting Standards (JARS).
• Study Preregistration: Level 2, Requirement—Article states whether the study design and (if applicable) hypotheses of any of the work reported was preregistered and, if so, how to access it. Access to a masked version of the preregistered materials must be available at submission via stable link or supplemental material.
• Analysis Plan Preregistration: Level 2, Requirement—Article states whether any of the work reported was preregistered with an analysis plan and, if so, how to access it. Access to a masked version of the preregistered analysis plan must be available at submission via stable link or supplemental material.

Authors must include a brief (one short paragraph) subsection in the method description titled “Transparency and openness” that indicates how they complied with the TOP guidelines adopted at the Journal of Applied Psychology.

For example:

• We describe our sampling plan, all data exclusions (if any), all manipulations, and all measures in the study, and we adhered to the Journal of Applied Psychology methodological checklist. All data, analysis code, and research materials are available at [stable masked link to repository]. Data were analyzed using R, version 4.0.0 (R Core Team, 2020) and the package ggplot, version 3.2.1 (Wickham, 2016). This study’s design and its analysis were not preregistered.
• We describe our sampling plan, all data exclusions (if any), all manipulations, and all measures in the study, and we adhered to the Journal of Applied Psychology methodological checklist. Analysis code and research materials are available at [stable masked link to repository]. Data are not available due to their proprietary nature. Data were analyzed using R, version 4.0.0 (R Core Team, 2020) and the package ggplot, version 3.2.1 (Wickham, 2016). The study design was not preregistered because the data were collected for an applied selection project. The hypotheses and analysis were preregistered [masked OSF link].

Data and materials

Authors must state whether data and study materials are available and, if so, where to access them. Recommended repositories include APA’s repository on the Open Science Framework (OSF), or authors can access a full list of other recommended repositories. Trusted repositories adhere to policies that make data discoverable, accessible, usable, and preserved for the long term. Trusted repositories also assign unique and persistent identifiers. Original materials that are not in English do not require translation.

In a subsection at the end of the method subsection titled “Transparency and openness,” specify whether and where the data and material will be available or include a statement noting that they are not available.

For example:

• All data have been made publicly available at the [trusted repository name] and can be accessed at [persistent URL or DOI].
• Data for this study are not available because they are proprietary.
• Data for this study are not available because they protected under HIPAA.
• Data for this study are not available because they protected under FERPA.
• Materials for this study can be found [in the Appendix; in the online supplement].
• Materials for this study can be found at the [trusted repository name] and can be accessed at [masked persistent URL or DOI].
• Materials for this study are not available because they are not owned by the authors.

Please refer to the APA Publication Manual (7th ed.) regarding APA guidelines on data retention and sharing (section 1.14) as well as the APA Ethics Code regarding conditions and exceptions to data sharing (e.g., 2.01 Boundaries of Competence, 8.14 Sharing Research Data for Verification).

Information regarding reproducing material from previously published works

If you have reproduced full scales or other material (e.g., tables, figures, experimental materials) from previously published articles, please note that it is your responsibility to ensure that doing so does not constitute a copyright infringement with the original publisher. You can find information on fair use of previously published material and on APA’s permissions policy in the Permissions Alert Form for APA Authors.

Analytic methods (code)

For submissions with quantitative or simulation analytic methods, state whether the study analysis code is posted to a trusted repository and if so, how to access them, including their location and any limitations on use. Trusted repositories adhere to policies that make data discoverable, accessible, usable, and preserved for the long term. Trusted repositories also assign unique and persistent identifiers. Recommended repositories include APA’s repository on the Open Science Framework (OSF), or authors can access a full list of other recommended repositories.

For example:

• The code behind this analysis/simulation has been made publicly available at the [trusted repository name] and can be accessed at [persistent URL or DOI].
• The code behind this analysis/simulation is not available because it is proprietary.
• Analysis code is available at [stable masked link to trusted repository], except for the predictor scoring algorithm which is proprietary.

Preregistration of studies and analysis plans

Preregistration of studies and specific hypotheses can be a useful tool for making strong theoretical claims. Likewise, preregistration of analysis plans can be useful for distinguishing confirmatory and exploratory analyses. Investigators are encouraged to preregister their studies and analysis plans prior to conducting the researchvia a publicly accessible registry system (e.g., OSF, ClinicalTrials.gov, or other trial registries in the WHO Registry Network).

There are many available preregistration forms (e.g.,OSF, ClinicalTrials.gov, or other trial registries in the WHO Registry Network).There are many preregistration templates available, including thePreregistration for Quantitative Research in Psychology template (Bosnjak et al., 2022). Completed preregistration forms should be time-stamped.

Articles must state whether or not any work was preregistered and, if so, where to access the preregistration. Preregistrations must be available to reviewers; authors should submit a masked copy via stable link or supplemental material. Links in the method section should be replaced with an identifiable copy on acceptance.

For example:

• This study’s design was preregistered; see [STABLE LINK OR DOI].
• This study’s design and hypotheses were preregistered; see [STABLE LINK OR DOI].
• This study’s analysis plan was preregistered; see [STABLE LINK OR DOI].
• This study was not preregistered.

Manuscript preparation

Prepare manuscripts according to the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association . Manuscripts may be copyedited for bias-free language (see Chapter 5 of the 7^th edition).

Review APA's Journal Manuscript Preparation Guidelines before submitting your article.

Double-space all copy. Other formatting instructions, as well as instructions on preparing tables, figures, references, metrics, and abstracts, appear in the Manual. Additional guidance on APA Style is available on the APA Style website.

Methodological reporting guidelines and checklists

In an effort to enhance transparency, reproducibility, and replicability, we have developed methodological reporting guidelines and checklists for the Journal of Applied Psychology (PDF, 166KB)that authors should follow (as appropriate for their submitted work) when preparing manuscripts for submission to the Journal of Applied Psychology. Authors should also consult the APA Style Journal Article Reporting Standards (JARS) for quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods research.

Authors should review the new Journal Article Reporting Standards for Race, Ethnicity, and Culture (JARS–REC). Meant for all authors, regardless of research topic, JARS–REC include standards for all stages of research and manuscript writing.

For more, see the Guidance for Authors sections of the table (PDF, 184KB).

Below are additional instructions regarding the preparation of display equations, computer code, and tables.

Display equations

We strongly encourage you to use MathType (third-party software) or Equation Editor 3.0 (built into pre-2007 versions of Word) to construct your equations, rather than the equation support that is built into Word 2007 and Word 2010. Equations composed with the built-in Word 2007/Word 2010 equation support are converted to low-resolution graphics when they enter the production process and must be rekeyed by the typesetter, which may introduce errors.

To construct your equations with MathType or Equation Editor 3.0:

• Go to the Text section of the Insert tab and select Object.
• Select MathType or Equation Editor 3.0 in the drop-down menu.

If you have an equation that has already been produced using Microsoft Word 2007 or 2010 and you have access to the full version of MathType 6.5 or later, you can convert this equation to MathType by clicking on MathType Insert Equation. Copy the equation from Microsoft Word and paste it into the MathType box. Verify that your equation is correct, click File, and then click Update. Your equation has now been inserted into your Word file as a MathType Equation.

Use Equation Editor 3.0 or MathType only for equations or for formulas that cannot be produced as Word text using the Times or Symbol font.

Computer code

Because altering computer code in any way (e.g., indents, line spacing, line breaks, page breaks) during the typesetting process could alter its meaning, we treat computer code differently from the rest of your article in our production process. To that end, we request separate files for computer code.

In online supplemental material

We request that runnable source code be included as supplemental material to the article. For more information, visit Supplementing Your Article With Online Material.

In the text of the article

If you would like to include code in the text of your published manuscript, please submit a separate file with your code exactly as you want it to appear, using Courier New font with a type size of 8 points. We will make an image of each segment of code in your article that exceeds 40 characters in length. (Shorter snippets of code that appear in text will be typeset in Courier New and run in with the rest of the text.) If an appendix contains a mix of code and explanatory text, please submit a file that contains the entire appendix, with the code keyed in 8-point Courier New.

Tables

Use Word's insert table function when you create tables. Using spaces or tabs in your table will create problems when the table is typeset and may result in errors.

Academic writing and English language editing services

Authors who feel that their manuscript may benefit from additional academic writing or language editing support prior to submission are encouraged to seek out such services at their host institutions, engage with colleagues and subject matter experts, and/or consider several vendors that offer discounts to APA authors.

Please note that APA does not endorse or take responsibility for the service providers listed. It is strictly a referral service.

Use of such service is not mandatory for publication in an APA journal. Use of one or more of these services does not guarantee selection for peer review, manuscript acceptance, or preference for publication in any APA journal.

Submitting supplemental materials

APA can place supplemental materials online, available via the published article in the PsycArticles^® database. Please see Supplementing Your Article With Online Material for more details.

Abstract and keywords

All manuscripts must include an abstract containing a maximum of 250 words typed on a separate page. After the abstract, please supply up to five keywords or brief phrases.

References

List references in alphabetical order. Each listed reference should be cited in text, and each text citation should be listed in the references section.

Examples of basic reference formats:

Journal article

McCauley, S. M., & Christiansen, M. H. (2019). Language learning as language use: A cross-linguistic model of child language development. Psychological Review, 126(1), 1–51. https://doi.org/10.1037/rev0000126

Authored book

Brown, L. S. (2018). Feminist therapy (2nd ed.). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/0000092-000

Chapter in an edited book

Balsam, K. F., Martell, C. R., Jones. K. P., & Safren, S. A. (2019). Affirmative cognitive behavior therapy with sexual and gender minority people. In G. Y. Iwamasa & P. A. Hays (Eds.), Culturally responsive cognitive behavior therapy: Practice and supervision (2nd ed., pp. 287–314). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/0000119-012

Data set citation

Alegria, M., Jackson, J. S., Kessler, R. C., & Takeuchi, D. (2016). Collaborative Psychiatric Epidemiology Surveys (CPES), 2001–2003 [Data set]. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. https://doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR20240.v8

All data, program code and other methods not original to the submitted work (developed by others) must be cited in the text and listed in the references section.

Figures

Preferred formats for graphics files are TIFF and JPG, and preferred format for vector-based files is EPS. Graphics downloaded or saved from web pages are not acceptable for publication. Multipanel figures (i.e., figures with parts labeled a, b, c, d, etc.) should be assembled into one file. When possible, please place symbol legends below the figure instead of to the side.

Resolution

• All color line art and halftones: 300 DPI
• Black and white line tone and gray halftone images: 600 DPI

Line weights

• Adobe Photoshop images
  • Color (RGB, CMYK) images: 2 pixels
  • Grayscale images: 4 pixels
• Adobe Illustrator Images
  • Stroke weight: 0.5 points

APA offers authors the option to publish their figures online in color without the costs associated with print publication of color figures.

The same caption will appear on both the online (color) and print (black and white) versions. To ensure that the figure can be understood in both formats, authors should add alternative wording (e.g., “the red (dark gray) bars represent”) as needed.

For authors who prefer their figures to be published in color both in print and online, original color figures can be printed in color at the editor's and publisher's discretion provided the author agrees to pay:

• $900 for one figure
• An additional $600 for the second figure
• An additional $450 for each subsequent figure

Permissions

Authors of accepted papers must obtain and provide to the editor on final acceptance all necessary permissions to reproduce in print and electronic form any copyrighted work, including test materials (or portions thereof), photographs, and other graphic images (including those used as stimuli in experiments).

On advice of counsel, APA may decline to publish any image whose copyright status is unknown.

• Download Permissions Alert Form (PDF, 13KB)

Publication policies

For full details on publication policies, including use of Artificial Intelligence tools, please see APA Publishing Policies.

APA policy prohibits an author from submitting the same manuscript for concurrent consideration by two or more publications.

See also APA Journals® Internet Posting Guidelines.

APA requires authors to reveal any possible conflict of interest in the conduct and reporting of research (e.g., financial interests in a test or procedure, funding by pharmaceutical companies for drug research).

• Download Full Disclosure of Interests Form (PDF, 41KB)

In light of changing patterns of scientific knowledge dissemination, APA requires authors to provide information on prior dissemination of the data and narrative interpretations of the data/research appearing in the manuscript (e.g., if some or all were presented at a conference or meeting, posted on a listserv, shared on a website, including academic social networks like ResearchGate, etc.). This information (2–4 sentences) must be provided as part of the Author Note.

Ethical Principles

It is a violation of APA Ethical Principles to publish "as original data, data that have been previously published" (Standard 8.13).

In addition, APA Ethical Principles specify that "after research results are published, psychologists do not withhold the data on which their conclusions are based from other competent professionals who seek to verify the substantive claims through reanalysis and who intend to use such data only for that purpose, provided that the confidentiality of the participants can be protected and unless legal rights concerning proprietary data preclude their release" (Standard 8.14).

APA expects authors to adhere to these standards. Specifically, APA expects authors to have their data available throughout the editorial review process and for at least 5 years after the date of publication.

Authors are required to state in writing that they have complied with APA ethical standards in the treatment of their sample, human or animal, or to describe the details of treatment.

• Download Certification of Compliance With APA Ethical Principles Form (PDF, 26KB)

The APA Ethics Office provides the full Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct electronically on its website in HTML, PDF, and Word format. You may also request a copy by emailing or calling the APA Ethics Office (202-336-5930). You may also read "Ethical Principles," December 1992, American Psychologist, Vol. 47, pp. 1597–1611.

Other information

See APA’s Publishing Policies page for more information on publication policies, including information on author contributorship and responsibilities of authors, author name changes after publication, the use of generative artificial intelligence, funder information and conflict-of-interest disclosures, duplicate publication, data publication and reuse, and preprints.

Visit the Journals Publishing Resource Center for more resources for writing, reviewing, and editing articles for publishing in APA journals.

Editor

Lillian T. Eby, PhD
University of Georgia, United States

Associate editors

Talya N. Bauer, PhD
Portland State University, United States

Wendy J. Casper, PhD
University of Texas at Arlington, United States

Bryan D. Edwards, PhD
Oklahoma State University, United States

Allison S. Gabriel, PhD
Purdue University, United States

Alicia A. Grandey, PhD
Pennsylvania State University, United States

Astrid C. Homan, PhD
University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands

Jenny M. Hoobler, PhD
Nova School of Business and Economics, Carcavelos, Portugal

Jia (Jasmine) Hu, PhD
Ohio State University, United States, and Tsingua University, Beijing, China

Scott B. Morris, PhD
Illinois Institute of Technology, United States

In-Sue Oh, PhD
Temple University, United States

Fred Oswald, PhD
Rice University, United States

Christopher O. L. H. Porter, PhD
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, United States

Kristen M. Shockley, PhD
Auburn University, United States

Scott Tonidandel, PhD
University of North Carolina at Charlotte, United States

Gillian B. Yeo, PhD
University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia

Editorial fellows

Edwyna Hill, PhD
University of South Carolina, United States

William Luse, PhD
University of La Verne, United States

Tyree Mitchell, PhD
Louisiana State University, United States

Emily Poulton, PhD
Indiana University–Purdue University Indianapolis, United States

Editorial fellow mentors

Bryan D. Edwards, PhD
Oklahoma State University, United States

Jia (Jasmine) Hu, PhD
Ohio State University, United States, and Tsingua University, Beijing, China

Kristen M. Shockley, PhD
Auburn University, United States

Gillian B. Yeo, PhD
University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia

Contributing editors

Herman Aguinis, PhD
George Washington University, United States

Ramon J. Aldag, PhD
University of Wisconsin–Madison, United States

David G. Allen, PhD
Texas Christian University, United States

Tammy D. Allen, PhD
University of South Florida, United States

Frederik Anseel, PhD
University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

Samuel Aryee, PhD
University of Surrey, Surrey, United Kingdom

Bruce Avolio, PhD
University of Washington, United States

Daniel G. Bachrach, PhD
University of Alabama, United States

Katie L. Badura, PhD
Georgia Institute of Technology, United States

Timothy Ballard, PhD
University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia

Gary A. Ballinger, PhD
University of Virginia, United States

Peter A. Bamberger, PhD
Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel

Laurie J. Barclay, PhD
University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada

Christopher M. Barnes, PhD
University of Washington, United States

Kathryn M. Bartol, PhD
University of Maryland, United States

James W. Beck, PhD
University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada

Bradford S. Bell, PhD
Cornell University, United States

Suzanne T. Bell, PhD
DePaul University, United States

Frederick Scott Bentley, PhD
University of Delaware, United States

Christopher M. Berry, PhD
Indiana University, United States

Jeremy M. Beus, PhD
Washington State University, United States

Barnini Bhattacharyya, PhD
University of Western Ontario, Canada

Uta K. Bindl, PhD
King’s College, London, United Kingdom

John F. Binning, PhD
Illinois State University and DeGarmo Inc, Bloomington, IL, United States

Ronald Bledow, PhD
Singapore Management University, Singapore

Paul D. Bliese, PhD
University of South Carolina, United States

Mark Bolino, PhD
University of Oklahoma, United States

Wendy R. Boswell, PhD
Texas A&M University, United States

James A. Breaugh, PhD
University of Missouri, Saint Louis, United States

Claudia Buengeler, PhD
Kiel University, Kiel, Germany

Anne Burmeister, PhD
Rotterdam School of Management, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

Marcus M. Butts, PhD
Southern Methodist University, United States

Charles Calderwood, PhD
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, United States

Elizabeth M. Campbell, PhD
University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, United States

Emily D. Campion, PhD
University of Iowa, United States

Nichelle C. Carpenter, PhD
Rutgers University, United States

Dorothy R. Carter, PhD
Michigan State University, United States

Min Z. Carter, PhD
Southern Illinois University, United States

Georgia T. Chao, PhD
University of South Florida, United States

Prithviraj Chattopadhyay, PhD
University of Cambridge,Cambridge, United Kingdom

Nitya Chawla, PhD
Texas A&M University, United States

Gilad Chen, PhD
University of Maryland—College Park, United States

Nai-Wen Chi, PhD
National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan

Jaepil Choi, PhD
Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea

SinHui Chong, PhD
Nanyang Technological University, Singapore

Michael S. Christian, PhD
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States

Malissa A. Clark, PhD
University of Georgia, United States

Stephen M. Colarelli, PhD
Central Michigan University, United States

Michael S. Cole, PhD
Texas Christian University, United States

Adrienne Colella, PhD
Tulane University, United States

Patrick D. Converse, PhD
Florida Institute of Technology, United States

Jose M. Cortina, PhD
Virginia Commonwealth University, United States

Stephen H. Courtright, PhD
University of Iowa, United States

Eean R. Crawford, PhD
University of Iowa, United States

Kristen L. Cullen-Lester, PhD
University of Mississippi, United States

Jeremy F. Dawson, PhD
University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom

Eric Anthony Day, PhD
University of Oklahoma, United States

Serge P. da Motta Veiga, PhD
NEOMA Business School, Reims, France

Katherine DeCelles, PhD
University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Bart A. de Jong, PhD
Australian Catholic University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

Evangelia Demerouti, PhD
Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands

Rellie R. Derfler-Rozin, PhD
University of Maryland, United States

Lindsay Y. Dhanani, PhD
Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, United States

James M. Diefendorff, PhD
University of Akron, United States

Erich C. Dierdorff, PhD
DePaul University, United States

Nikolaos Dimotakis, PhD
Oklahoma State University, United States

Brian R. Dineen, PhD
Purdue University, United States

Michelle K. Duffy, PhD
University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, United States

Mark G. Ehrhart, PhD
University of Central Florida, United States

Jill Ellingson, PhD
University of Kansas, United States

Aleksander P.J. Ellis, PhD
University of Arizona, United States

Berrin Erodogan, PhD
Portland State University, United States, and University of Exeter, United Kingdom

Jinyan Fan, PhD
Auburn University, United States

Brady M. Firth, PhD
Portland State University, United States

Michael T. Ford, PhD
University of Alabama, United States

Trevor A. Foulk, PhD
University of Maryland, United States

Kimberly A. French, PhD
Georgia Institute of Technology, United States

Michael Frese, PhD
Asia School of Management, Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaandLeuphana University, Lüneburg, Germany

Ravi Shanker Gajendran, PhD
Florida International University, United States

Ian R. Gellatly, PhD
University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada

Steffen R. Giessner, PhD
Erasmus University, Rotterdam School of Management, Rotterdam, the Netherlands

Stephen W. Gilliland, PhD
Claremont Graduate University, United States

Erik Gonzalez-Mulé, PhD
Indiana University, United States

Vicente González-Romá, PhD
University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain

Lindsey M. Greco, PhD
Oklahoma State University, United States

Rebecca L. Greenbaum, PhD
Rutgers University, United States

Lindred Leura Greer, PhD
University of Michigan, United States

Travis J. Grosser, PhD
University of Connecticut, United States

Gudela Grote, PhD
ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland

Markus Groth, PhD
University of New South Wales Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

Andrew C. Hafenbrack, PhD
University of Washington, United States

Leslie B. Hammer, PhD
Portland State University and Oregon Health & Science University, United States

Joo Hun Han, PhD
Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejong, South Korea

Samantha D. Hansen, PhD
University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Crystal M. Harold, PhD
Temple University, United States

T. Brad Harris, PhD
HEC Paris, Jouy-en-Josas, France

John P. Hausknecht, PhD
Cornell University, United States

Madeline E. Heilman, PhD
New York University, United States

Morela Hernandez, PhD
University of Michigan, United States

Louis Hickman, PhD
Virginia Tech, United States

Giles Hirst, PhD
Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia

Inga J. Hoever, PhD
Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands

Brian C. Holtz, PhD
Temple University, United States

Peter W. Hom, PhD
Arizona State University, United States

Michael Horvath, PhD
Cleveland State University, United States

Jason L. Huang, PhD
Michigan State University, United States

Stephen E. Humphrey, PhD
Pennsylvania State University, United States

Ilke Inceoglu, PhD
University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom

Kaifeng Jiang, PhD
The Ohio State University, United States

Michael A. Johnson, PhD
Louisiana State University, United States

Michael D. Johnson, PhD
University of Washington, United States

Kristen P. Jones, PhD
University of Memphis, United States

Dana L. Joseph, PhD
University of Central Florida, United States

Sora Jun, PhD
Rice University, United States

John D. Kammeyer-Mueller, PhD
University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, United States

Seth Kaplan, PhD
George Mason University, United States

Nina Keith, PhD
Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany

Anita C. Keller, PhD
University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands

Gavin Kilduff, PhD
New York University, United States

Eugene Kim, PhD
Georgia Institute of Technology, United States

Bradley L. Kirkman, PhD
North Carolina State University, United States

Anthony C. Klotz, PhD
University College London, United Kingdom

Donald H. Kluemper, PhD
University of Illinois at Chicago, United States

Joel Koopman, PhD
Texas A&M University, United States

Jaclyn Koopmann, PhD
Auburn University, United States

Maria L. Kraimer, PhD
Rutgers University, New Brunswick, United States

Dina V. Krasikova, PhD
University of Texas at San Antonio, United States

Jana Kühnel, PhD
University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria

Timothy G. Kundro, PhD
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States

Giuseppe (Joe) Labianca, PhD
University of Kentucky, United States

Jamie J. Ladge, PhD
Northeastern University, United States and University of Exeter Business School, Exeter, United Kingdom

Chak Fu Lam, PhD
City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong

Klodiana Lanaj, PhD
University of Florida, United States

Blaine Landis, PhD
University College London, London, United Kingdom

Keith Leavitt, PhD
Oregon State University, United States

James M. LeBreton, PhD
Pennsylvania State University, United States

Cynthia Lee, PhD
Northeastern University, United States

Hun Whee Lee, PhD
Ohio State University, United States

KiYoung Lee, PhD
Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea

Anna C. Lennard, PhD
Oklahoma State University, United States

Jeff LePine, PhD
Arizona State University, United States

Hannes Leroy, PhD
Erasmus University, Rotterdam School of Management, Rotterdam, the Netherlands

Lisa M. Leslie, PhD
New York University, United States

Alex Ning Li, PhD
Texas Christian University, United States

Andrew Li, PhD
West Texas A&M University, United States

Ning Li, PhD
Tsinghua University, Beijing, China

Wen-Dong Li, PhD
Chinese University of Hong Kong,Shatin, New Territories,Hong Kong

Yixuan Li, PhD
University of Florida, United States

Huiwen Lian, PhD
Texas A&M University, United States

Zhenyu Liao, PhD
Northeastern University, United States

Robert C. Liden, PhD
University of Illinois, Chicago, United States

Filip Lievens, PhD
Singapore Management University, Singapore

Szu-Han (Joanna) Lin, PhD
University of Georgia, United States

Weipeng Lin, PhD
Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China

Laura M. Little, PhD
University of Georgia, United States

Songqi Liu, PhD
Georgia State University, United States

Yihao Liu, PhD
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, United States

Beth A. Livingston, PhD
University of Iowa, United States

Margaret M. Luciano, PhD
Pennsylvania State University, United States

Aleksandra Luksyte, PhD
University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia

John Wiley Lynch, PhD
University of Illinois at Chicago, United States

Brent J. Lyons, PhD
York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Jeremy D. Mackey, PhD
Auburn University, United States

Ke Michael Mai, PhD,
National University of Singapore, Singapore

Mark A. Maltarich, PhD
University of South Carolina, United States

Suzanne S. Masterson, PhD
University of Cincinnati, United States

John E. Mathieu, PhD
University of Connecticut, United States

Fadel K. Matta, PhD
University of Georgia, United States

Russell A. Matthews, PhD
University of Alabama, United States

Mary B. Mawritz, PhD
Drexel University, United States

Daniel J. McAllister, PhD
National University of Singapore, Singapore

Julie M. McCarthy, PhD
University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Brian William McCormick, PhD
Northern Illinois University, United States

Lynn A. McFarland, PhD
University of South Carolina, United States

Adam W. Meade, PhD
North Carolina State University, United States

Laurenz L. Meier, PhD
University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland

Jesse S. Michel, PhD
Auburn University, United States

Christian Yarid Ayala Millán, PhD
Tecnológico de Monterrey, Mexico

Marie S. Mitchell, PhD
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States

Frederick P. Morgeson, PhD
Michigan State University, United States

Elizabeth Wolfe Morrison, PhD
New York University, United States

Cindy P. Muir (Zapata), PhD
University of Notre Dame, United States

Kevin R. Murphy, PhD
University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland

Jennifer D. Nahrgang, PhD
University of Iowa, United States

Andrew Neal, PhD
University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia

Barbara Nevicka, PhD
University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands

Daniel W. Newton, PhD
University of Iowa, United States

Thomas W. H. Ng, PhD
University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong

Cornelia Niessen, PhD
Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany

Bernard A. Nijstad, PhD
University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands

Raymond A. Noe, PhD
Ohio State University, United States

Anthony J. Nyberg, PhD
University of South Carolina, United States

Christopher D. Nye, PhD
Michigan State University, United States

Ernest O'Boyle, PhD
Indiana University, United States

Burak Oc, PhD
Singapore Management University, Singapore

Babatunde Ogunfowara, PhD
University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada

Kyoungjo (Jo) Oh, PhD
University of Connecticut, United States

Sandra Ohly, PhD
University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany

Jane O'Reilly, PhD
University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

Tae-Youn Park, PhD
Cornell University, United States

Michael R. Parke, PhD
University of Pennsylvania, United States

Stephanie C. Payne, PhD
Texas A&M University, United States

Matthew J. Pearsall, PhD
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States

Ann Chunyan Peng, PhD
University of Missouri, United States

Jill Perry-Smith, PhD
Emory University, United States

Robert Ployhart, PhD
University of South Carolina, United States

Caitlin Porter, PhD
University of Memphis, United States

Belle Rose Ragins, PhD
University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee, United States

Christian J. Resick, PhD
Drexel University, United States

Simon Lloyd D. Restubog, PhD
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, United States

Hettie A. Richardson, PhD
Texas Christian University, United States

Andreas Richter, PhD
University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Melissa Robertson, PhD
Purdue University, United States

Jessica B. Rodell, PhD
University of Georgia, United States

Steven Gary Rogelberg, PhD
University of North Carolina at Charlotte, United States

Christopher C. Rosen, PhD
University of Arkansas, United States

Alex L. Rubenstein, PhD
University of Central Florida, United States

Enrica N. Ruggs, PhD
University of Houston, United States

Deborah E. Rupp, PhD
George Mason University, United States

Paul R. Sackett, PhD
University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, United States

Juan Ignacio Sanchez, PhD
Florida International University, United States

Katina B. Sawyer, PhD
The George Washington University, United States

John M. Schaubroeck, PhD
University of Missouri, United States

Donald J. Schepker, PhD
University of South Carolina, United States

Charles A. Scherbaum, PhD
Baruch College, City University of New York, United States

Beth Schinoff, PhD
University of Delaware, United States

Aaron M. Schmidt, PhD
University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, United States

Benjamin Schneider, PhD
University of Maryland, United States

Brent A. Scott, PhD
Michigan State University, United States

Priti Pradhan Shah, PhD
University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, United States

Ruodan Shao, PhD
York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Jason D. Shaw, PhD
Nanyang Technological University, Singapore

Winny Shen, PhD
York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Junqi Shi, PhD
Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China

Shung Jae Shin, PhD
Portland State University, United States

Lynn M. Shore, PhD
Colorado State University, United States

Mindy Shoss, PhD
University of Central Florida, United States

Lauren S. Simon, PhD
University of Arkansas, United States

Ruchi Sinha, PhD
University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia

Traci Sitzmann, PhD
University of Colorado Denver, United States

Jerel E. Slaughter, PhD
University of Arizona, United States

David M. Sluss, PhD
ESSEC Business School, Cergy-Pontoise, France

Alexis N. Smith (Washington), PhD
Oklahoma State University, United States

Troy A. Smith, PhD
University of Nebraska, United States

Q. Chelsea Song, PhD
Indiana University, United States

Yifan Song, PhD
Texas A&M University, United States

Sabine Sonnentag, PhD
University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany

Andrew B. Speer, PhD
Indiana University, United States

Alex Stajkovic, PhD
University of Wisconsin–Madison, United States

Kayla Stajkovic, PhD
University of California, Davis, United States

Greg L. Stewart, PhD
University of Iowa, United States

Karoline Strauss, PhD
ESSEC Business School, Cergy-Pontoise, France

Michael C. Sturman, PhD
Rutgers University, United States

Rong Su, PhD
University of Iowa, United States

Lorne M. Sulsky, PhD
Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada

Tianjun Sun, PhD
Kansas State University, United States

Brian W. Swider, PhD
University of Florida, United States

Kenneth Tai, PhD
Singapore Management University, Singapore

Riki Takeuchi, PhD
University of Texas at Dallas, United States

Subrahmaniam Tangirala, PhD
University of Maryland, United States

Shannon G. Taylor, PhD
University of Central Florida, United States

Stefan Thau, PhD
INSEAD, Singapore

Phillip S. Thompson, PhD
Virginia Tech, United States

Christian N. Thoroughgood, PhD
Georgia State University, United States

March L. To, PhD
RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia

Donald M. Truxillo, PhD
University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland

Kerrie L. Unsworth, PhD
University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom

Edwin A. J. Van Hooft, PhD
University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands

Gerben A. van Kleef, PhD
University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands

Jeffrey B. Vancouver, PhD
Ohio University, United States

Robert J. Vandenberg, PhD
University of Georgia, United States

Hoda Vaziri, PhD
University of North Texas, United States

Vijaya Venkataramani, PhD
University of Maryland—College Park, United States

Chockalingam Viswesvaran, PhD
Florida International University, United States

Ryan M. Vogel, PhD
Temple University, United States of America

David A. Waldman, PhD
Arizona State University, United States

H. Jack Walker, PhD
Auburn University, United States

Danni Wang, PhD
Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, United States

Gang Wang, PhD
Florida State University, United States

Mo Wang, PhD
University of Florida, United States

Julie Holliday Wayne, PhD
Wake Forest University, United States

Elijah X. M. Wee, PhD
University of Washington, United States

Serena Wee, PhD
University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia

Justin M. Weinhardt, PhD
University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada

Bart Wille, PhD
Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium

Kelly Schwind Wilson, PhD
Purdue University, United States

David J. Woehr, PhD
University of North Carolina at Charlotte, United States

Kin Fai Ellick Wong, PhD
Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong

Junfeng Wu, PhD
University of Texas at Dallas, United States

Kai Chi Yam, PhD
National University of Singapore, Singapore

Liu-Qin Yang, PhD
Portland State University, United States

Kang Yang Trevor Yu, PhD
Nanyang Technological University,Singapore

Zhenyu Yuan, PhD
University of Illinois at Chicago, United States

Yujie (Jessie) Zhan, PhD
Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada

Zhen Zhang, PhD
Southern Methodist University, United States

Jing Zhou, PhD
Rice University, United States

Le Zhou, PhD
University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, United States

Michael J. Zickar, PhD
Bowling Green State University, United States

Jonathan C. Ziegert, PhD
Drexel University, United States

Kate P. Zipay, PhD
Purdue University, United States

Editorial assistant

Jennifer Wood

Abstracting and indexing services providing coverage of Journal of Applied Psychology^®

• ABI/INFORM Complete
• ABI/INFORM Global
• ABI/INFORM Professional Advanced
• ABI/INFORM Professional Standard
• ABI/INFORM Research
• Academic OneFile
• Advanced Placement Psychology Collection
• ASSIA: Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts
• Biological Abstracts
• Business & Company Profile ASAP
• Business Source Alumni Edition
• Business Source Complete
• Business Source Corporate Plus
• Business Source Elite
• Business Source Index
• Business Source Premier
• Cabell’s Directory of Publishing Opportunities in Psychology
• Chartered Association of Business Schools (CABS) Academic Journal Guide
• CINAHL Complete
• CINAHL Plus
• Corporate ResourceNet
• Current Abstracts
• Current Contents: Social & Behavioral Sciences
• EBSCO MegaFILE
• Educational Administration Abstracts
• Ergonomics Abstracts
• ERIH (European Reference Index for the Humanities and Social Sciences)
• Expanded Academic ASAP
• General OneFile
• General Reference Center International
• Health Reference Center Academic
• Human Resources Abstracts
• Humanities and Social Sciences Index Retrospective
• Humanities Index Retrospective
• Humanities Source
• IBZ / IBR (Internationale Bibliographie der Rezensionen Geistes- und Sozialwissenschaftlicher Literatur)
• InfoTrac Custom
• International Bibliography of the Social Sciences
• Journal Citations Report: Social Sciences Edition
• MEDLINE
• Military and Intelligence
• MLA International Bibliography
• Mosby's Nursing Consult
• NSA Collection
• Nursing and Allied Health Collection
• Nursing Resource Center
• OCLC
• OmniFile Full Text Mega
• PASCAL
• Professional ProQuest Central
• ProQuest Central
• ProQuest Discovery
• ProQuest Health Management
• ProQuest Platinum Periodicals
• ProQuest Psychology Journals
• ProQuest Research Library
• ProQuest Social Science Journals
• Psychology Collection
• PsycInfo
• PsycLine
• Public Affairs Index
• Race Relations Abstracts
• RILM Abstracts of Music Literature
• SafetyLit
• SCOPUS
• Social Sciences Abstracts
• Social Sciences Citation Index
• Social Sciences Full Text
• Social Sciences Index Retrospective
• TOC Premier
• Women's Studies International

• Teams:

  Special issue of APA's Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 104, No. 3, March 2019. Includes articles about team membership, team performance, leadership, goals, and work teams.

• Leadership:

  Special issue of APA's Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 104, No. 1, January 2019. Includes articles about self-reflection, email demands, leader-member exchange, training, leader ratings, organizational performance, ethics, abusive supervision, leader morality, and psychopathy.

• Journal of Applied Psychology Centennial Special Issue:

  Special issue of APA's Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 102, No. 3, March 2017. Includes articles about the science of work and organizational psychology with subthemes of building the workforce, managing the workforce, managing differences between and within organizations, and exiting work.

Transparency and Openness Promotion

APA endorses the Transparency and Openness Promotion (TOP) Guidelines by a community working group in conjunction with the Center for Open Science (Nosek et al. 2015). Effective November 1, 2021, all articles submitted to the Journal of Applied Psychology must, at a minimum, adhere to the TOP levels as noted in the list below, which details the domains of research planning and reporting, the TOP level required, and a brief description of the journal’s policy. Submissions that do not include (1) qualitative, quantitative, or simulated data, (2) a systematic narrative or meta-analytic review of the literature, or (3) reanalysis of existing data must also include a statement that TOP guidelines related to data sharing, code sharing, hypotheses preregistration, analysis preregistration, and materials sharing are not applicable and why (this can appear in the method section). All articles must comply with the TOP guideline of citing any materials not original to the submitted work.

For example:

• Level 1: Disclosure—The article must disclose whether or not the materials are posted to a trusted repository.
• Level 2: Requirement—The article must share materials via a trusted repository when legally and ethically permitted (or disclose the legal and/or ethical restriction when not permitted).
• Level 3: Verification—A third party must verify that the standard is met.

Empirical research, including meta-analyses, submitted to the Journal of Applied Psychology must, at a minimum, adhere to the TOP levels as noted in the list below, which details the domains of research planning and reporting, the TOP level required by the Journal of Applied Psychology, and a brief description of the journal’s policy.

• Citation: Level 2, Requirement—All data, program code, and other methods not original to the submitted work (developed by others) must be cited in the text and listed in the references section.
• Data Transparency: Level 1, Disclosure—Article states whether or not the raw and/or processed data on which study conclusions are based are posted to a trusted repository and, if so, how to access data.
• Analytic Methods (Code) Transparency: Level 1, Disclosure—Article states whether computer code or syntax needed to reproduce analyses in an article is posted to a trusted repository and if so how to access it.
• Research Materials Transparency: Level 1, Disclosure—Article states whether materials described in the method section are posted to a trusted repository and, if so, how to access them.
• Design and Analysis Transparency (Reporting Standards): Level 2, Requirement—Article must follow the JAP methods checklist and all relevant aspects of the APA Style Journal Reporting Standards (JARS).
• Study Preregistration: Level 2, Requirement—Article states whether the study design and (if applicable) hypotheses of any of the work reported was preregistered and, if so, how to access it. Access to a masked version of the preregistered materials must be available at submission via stable link or supplemental material.
• Analysis Plan Preregistration: Level 2, Requirement—Article states whether any of the work reported was preregistered with an analysis plan and, if so, how to access it. Access to a masked version of the preregistered analysis plan must be available at submission via stable link or supplemental material.

Note: If you have reproduced full scales or other material (e.g., tables, figures, experimental materials) from previously published articles, please note that it is your responsibility to ensure that doing so does not constitute a copyright infringement with the original publisher. You can find information on fair use of previously published material and on APA’s permissions policy in the Permissions Alert Form for APA Authors.In addition, we strongly encourage the inclusion of online supplements for study materials.

Authors should include a brief (one short paragraph) subsection in their method section titled “Transparency and openness” that indicates how they complied with the TOP guidelines adopted at the Journal of Applied Psychology.

For example:

• We describe our sampling plan, all data exclusions (if any), all manipulations, and all measures in the study, and we adhered to the Journal of Applied Psychology methodological checklist. All data, analysis code, and research materials are available at [stable masked link to trusted repository]. Data were analyzed using R, version 4.0.0 (R Core Team, 2020) and the package ggplot, version 3.2.1 (Wickham, 2016). This study’s design and its analysis were not preregistered.
• We describe our sampling plan, all data exclusions (if any), all manipulations, and all measures in the study, and we adhered to the Journal of Applied Psychology methodological checklist. Analysis code and research materials are available at [stable masked link to trusted repository]. Data are not available due to their proprietary nature. Data were analyzed using R, version 4.0.0 (R Core Team, 2020) and the package ggplot, version 3.2.1 (Wickham, 2016). The study design was not preregistered because the data were collected for an applied selection project. The hypotheses and analysis were preregistered [masked OSF link].

Please refer to the Center for Open Science TOP guidelines for details, and contact the editor (Lillian T. Eby, PhD) with any further questions. APA recommends sharing data, materials, and code viatrusted repositories(e.g.,APA’s repositoryon theOpen Science Framework (OSF)).Trusted repositories adhere to policies that make data discoverable, accessible, usable, and preserved for the long term. Trusted repositories also assign unique and persistent identifiers.

We encourage investigators to preregister their studies and to share protocols and analysis plans prior to conducting the research. There are many available preregistration forms (e.g., the APAPreregistration for Quantitative Research in Psychologytemplate,ClininalTrials.gov, aspredicted.org, or otherpreregistration templates available via OSF). Completed preregistration forms should be time-stampedand posted on a publicly accessible registry system (e.g., OSF, ClinicalTrials.gov, or other trial registries in the WHO Registry Network).

Alist of participating journalsis also available from APA.

Other open science initiatives

• Open Science badges: Not offered
• Public significance statements: Not offered
• Author contribution statements using CRediT: Required
• Registered Reports: Not published
• Replications: Published

Explore open science at APA .

Inclusive study designs

• Diverse samples

Definitions and further details on inclusive study designs are available on the Journals EDI homepage.

Inclusive reporting standards

• Bias-free language and community-driven language guidelines (required)
• Data sharing and data availability statements (required)

More information on this journal’s reporting standards is listed under the submission guidelines tab.

Pathways to authorship and editorship

Editorial fellowships

Editorial fellowships help early-career psychologists gain firsthand experience in scholarly publishing and editorial leadership roles. This journal offers an editorial fellowship program for early-career psychologists from historically excluded communities.

Paper development workshops and other resources

This journal holds annual paper development workshops with priority to underrepresented scholars. Many EDI resources, translational summaries focusing on EDI, and more are available from The Journal Editor's Corner.

Other EDI offerings

ORCID reviewer recognition

Open Research and Contributor ID (ORCID) Reviewer Recognition provides a visible and verifiable way for journals to publicly credit reviewers without compromising the confidentiality of the peer-review process. This journal has implemented the ORCID Reviewer Recognition feature in Editorial Manager, meaning that reviewers can be recognized for their contributions to the peer-review process.

Masked peer review

This journal offers masked peer review (where both the authors’ and reviewers’ identities are not known to the other). Research has shown that masked peer review can help reduce implicit bias against traditionally female names or early-career scientists with smaller publication records (Budden et al., 2008; Darling, 2015).

Editorials

• Reflections on theJournal of Applied Psychologyin Times of Change
  by Lillian Eby
  January 2022
• Editorial (PDF, 47KB)
  by Lillian Eby
  January 2021

Editor Spotlight

• Read an interview with Editor Lillian Eby, PhD

From APA Journals Article Spotlight^®

• You've got to have friends: The spillover of cross-race friendships to diversity training and education
• The art of racing (deadlines) in the rain
• Psychopaths in the C-suite?